up

Services

What We Do

The FUE technique remains one of the most popular hair transplant techniques. The procedure is performed by making small incisions into which hair follicles taken from the donor area are transplanted. The technique does not imply the need to apply stitches and helps to get rid of hair loss without any consequences for the body. The whole operation takes about 6-8 hours.

When hair transplant is performing, the patient practically does not feel pain. At the same time, after its completion, there are no scars in the bald area. For the scalp, the surgery goes completely without a trace. All scars heal quickly. Full recovery takes place within a month. In addition, during this period, the patient does not feel any painful sensations.

During the operation, hair from other hair areas of the body is used as implants. Grafts produced by the FUE technique contain about 4 follicles, which significantly increases the density of hair in the bald area.

The FUE technique is one of the most modern and effective methods of hair transplant. These are innovative developments in which sapphire tips are used, which make it possible to achieve incredible naturalness during the procedure.

The technique using sapphire has long been used in hair treatment. It differs from the standard FUE method in that sapphire is used instead of metal tips. Therefore, the transplant is carried out more accurately and easily. At first, the grafts are collected from healthy places with the tips. Further in the area of hair loss, the surgeon opens the channels to begin the transfer of hair follicles. This stage can be called one of the most important during transplantation. The success of the procedure is influenced by such criteria as the direction and frequency of channels. That is why it is so important that the doctor opens these incisions correctly. When using the Sapphire FUE method, maximum attention is paid to this stage. Thanks to this, the patient can forget about all the risks.

The procedure is similar to the FUE method. It is based on the use of the Choi implant. The surgeon inserts it into the hollow needle of the implant handle. Next, the needle is inserted into the scalp. The graft itself is inserted quite the doctor only needs to press a special piston. During the procedure, from 2 to 6 implants and about 15 needles can be used. The level of reliability of graft extraction remained the same, but the transplant has undergone changes and has become more dense.

The technique is popular due to the healthy and complete insertion of transplants, in which the hair follicles can boast a high percentage of survival.

At the same time, the procedure is almost painless. The blood supply in the implanted area is not disrupted, and during the transplantation, the patient practically does not experience bleeding.

During recovery, the patient does not suffer from pain. The rehabilitation period does not take much time.

The advantages of this technique are especially obvious for women who do not want to lose their hair for a long time. After all, the growth period is quite long. In addition, not every man is ready to lose his hairstyle. This is relevant for people who work in representative professions. If you perform the operation without a haircut, then the fact of the procedure will not be as obvious as when shaving.

Performing an unshaved hair transplant operation, the patient does not lose his long hair. At the same time, recovery takes place quite quickly and patients do not need to wait for their hair to grow back. There are several options for this procedure. In the first case, only a small donor area is shaved. In the second type of surgery, shaving is not performed, but the hair should be long, and only a small number of follicles should be needed for transplantation.

The process of hair loss in women is seriously different from the same process in men. When performing surgery in women, the most important thing is the transfer of hair from thick hair areas to thin hair areas. The fact is that in women, unlike men, hair can fall out almost all over the head. It is for this reason that it is much more difficult for women to achieve a successful result from a complete hair transplant. The reason lies in the fact that they often do not have donor zones in which the hair grows steadily. However, such modern techniques as the FUE method allow you to achieve successful results, so that every woman can be sure that she will be able to return her hair to its former attractiveness.

An important step to the successful operation is the smart choice of a surgeon who will perform a hair transplant efficiently and achieve the desired result. Before the operation, every woman is obliged to take blood tests, which will allow the doctor to make sure that the patient has no contraindications. But even in such a situation, nothing is impossible for us!

With constant hair loss in the eyebrow area and with a long process of regrowth, empty areas cannot always be hidden with cosmetics. In this case, you can use an eyebrow transplant. The method is completely safe and has long ceased to be an innovation in the world of plastic surgery.

Today, every girl can use the seamless FUE technique. Thanks to its use on the occipital part of the head, where the donor zone is located, no traces remain after the operation.

Before the transplant, the surgeon discusses with the patient all the details of the operation. The desired shape of the eyebrows emerges. The doctor takes the grafts using a micropunch. Incisions are made in problematic areas, into which grafts are implanted. The future direction of hair growth depends on the quality of the incisions and the choice of the angle when plunging grafts.

The operation lasts up to 5 hours and is completely painless, as it is performed under local anesthesia. The recovery period can take up to 14 days.

Unfortunately, not everyone has the opportunity to grow a thick beard. The problem may be that facial hair grows unevenly or is completely absent due to genetics. However, do not despair. In this case, you can use a beard transplant.

The most popular method of hair transplant is the FUE method. The procedure is carried out by collecting follicles from the donor zone. Grafts are taken from the occipital region. Most often, the surgeon takes about 2 thousand follicles.

First, the surgeon chooses the area from which he will take the future transplants. When the doctor collects all the necessary amount of hair, he will put the patient under anesthesia and begin direct transplantation, which lasts several hours.

The rehabilitation process takes about 10 days. After this period, you can start cutting your beard hair. After a few weeks, they may start to fall out, but you should not be afraid of it. New hair will immediately begin to grow in that place. After a few months, you will not be able to distinguish transplanted hair from those that have always grown. The result is preserved for life.

The FUE technique remains one of the most popular hair transplant techniques. The procedure is performed by making small incisions into which hair follicles taken from the donor area are transplanted. The technique does not imply the need to apply stitches and helps to get rid of hair loss without any consequences for the body. The whole operation takes about 6-8 hours.

When hair transplant is performing, the patient practically does not feel pain. At the same time, after its completion, there are no scars in the bald area. For the scalp, the surgery goes completely without a trace. All scars heal quickly. Full recovery takes place within a month. In addition, during this period, the patient does not feel any painful sensations.

During the operation, hair from other hair areas of the body is used as implants. Grafts produced by the FUE technique contain about 4 follicles, which significantly increases the density of hair in the bald area.

The FUE technique is one of the most modern and effective methods of hair transplant. These are innovative developments in which sapphire tips are used, which make it possible to achieve incredible naturalness during the procedure.

The technique using sapphire has long been used in hair treatment. It differs from the standard FUE method in that sapphire is used instead of metal tips. Therefore, the transplant is carried out more accurately and easily. At first, the grafts are collected from healthy places with the tips. Further in the area of hair loss, the surgeon opens the channels to begin the transfer of hair follicles. This stage can be called one of the most important during transplantation. The success of the procedure is influenced by such criteria as the direction and frequency of channels. That is why it is so important that the doctor opens these incisions correctly. When using the Sapphire FUE method, maximum attention is paid to this stage. Thanks to this, the patient can forget about all the risks.

The procedure is similar to the FUE method. It is based on the use of the Choi implant. The surgeon inserts it into the hollow needle of the implant handle. Next, the needle is inserted into the scalp. The graft itself is inserted quite the doctor only needs to press a special piston. During the procedure, from 2 to 6 implants and about 15 needles can be used. The level of reliability of graft extraction remained the same, but the transplant has undergone changes and has become more dense.

The technique is popular due to the healthy and complete insertion of transplants, in which the hair follicles can boast a high percentage of survival.

At the same time, the procedure is almost painless. The blood supply in the implanted area is not disrupted, and during the transplantation, the patient practically does not experience bleeding.

During recovery, the patient does not suffer from pain. The rehabilitation period does not take much time.

The advantages of this technique are especially obvious for women who do not want to lose their hair for a long time. After all, the growth period is quite long. In addition, not every man is ready to lose his hairstyle. This is relevant for people who work in representative professions. If you perform the operation without a haircut, then the fact of the procedure will not be as obvious as when shaving.

Performing an unshaved hair transplant operation, the patient does not lose his long hair. At the same time, recovery takes place quite quickly and patients do not need to wait for their hair to grow back. There are several options for this procedure. In the first case, only a small donor area is shaved. In the second type of surgery, shaving is not performed, but the hair should be long, and only a small number of follicles should be needed for transplantation.

The process of hair loss in women is seriously different from the same process in men. When performing surgery in women, the most important thing is the transfer of hair from thick hair areas to thin hair areas. The fact is that in women, unlike men, hair can fall out almost all over the head. It is for this reason that it is much more difficult for women to achieve a successful result from a complete hair transplant. The reason lies in the fact that they often do not have donor zones in which the hair grows steadily. However, such modern techniques as the FUE method allow you to achieve successful results, so that every woman can be sure that she will be able to return her hair to its former attractiveness.

An important step to the successful operation is the smart choice of a surgeon who will perform a hair transplant efficiently and achieve the desired result. Before the operation, every woman is obliged to take blood tests, which will allow the doctor to make sure that the patient has no contraindications. But even in such a situation, nothing is impossible for us!

With constant hair loss in the eyebrow area and with a long process of regrowth, empty areas cannot always be hidden with cosmetics. In this case, you can use an eyebrow transplant. The method is completely safe and has long ceased to be an innovation in the world of plastic surgery.

Today, every girl can use the seamless FUE technique. Thanks to its use on the occipital part of the head, where the donor zone is located, no traces remain after the operation.

Before the transplant, the surgeon discusses with the patient all the details of the operation. The desired shape of the eyebrows emerges. The doctor takes the grafts using a micropunch. Incisions are made in problematic areas, into which grafts are implanted. The future direction of hair growth depends on the quality of the incisions and the choice of the angle when plunging grafts.

The operation lasts up to 5 hours and is completely painless, as it is performed under local anesthesia. The recovery period can take up to 14 days.

Unfortunately, not everyone has the opportunity to grow a thick beard. The problem may be that facial hair grows unevenly or is completely absent due to genetics. However, do not despair. In this case, you can use a beard transplant.

The most popular method of hair transplant is the FUE method. The procedure is carried out by collecting follicles from the donor zone. Grafts are taken from the occipital region. Most often, the surgeon takes about 2 thousand follicles.

First, the surgeon chooses the area from which he will take the future transplants. When the doctor collects all the necessary amount of hair, he will put the patient under anesthesia and begin direct transplantation, which lasts several hours.

The rehabilitation process takes about 10 days. After this period, you can start cutting your beard hair. After a few weeks, they may start to fall out, but you should not be afraid of it. New hair will immediately begin to grow in that place. After a few months, you will not be able to distinguish transplanted hair from those that have always grown. The result is preserved for life.

10000+

Başarılı Operasyonlar

200+

Aylık Operasyonlar

40+

Sağlık Çalışanları

Sorunuzu WhatsApp'ta Sorun

Advantages

icon

Expertise

The clinic "Plastic Surgery Turkey Group" has been in existence since 2008. We are famous for thousands of successful operations for patients all over the world

icon

Personal Assistant

At the clinic, you will have a personal translator to whom you can contact with any question. Upon completion of the surgical intervention, we are ready to provide you with any assistance or appoint a remote consultation

icon

Transfer

The price also includes a comfortable transfer between the airport, the hotel and the clinic

icon

Hotel

You can choose one of the luxury hotels in Turkey

icon

Food

Breakfast in the hotel and each meal in the clinic is included in your package price

icon

Low Prices

Fixed low price for the work of the most experienced doctor in Turkey

icon

Timing

You will not have to stay in the clinic for a long time, the recovery of the body after surgery does not take a long time

icon

Vacation

It is a great opportunity to visit Turkey and not only have an operation, but also enjoy your vacation

Hastalarımızın Yorumları

playreview-1

playreview-2

playreview-3

playreview-4

Maggie Younan

playreview-5

playreview-6

Marwen

playreview-7

Albina

playreview-8

Anna Maria Nıcoleta Cıuta

playreview-9

Marina Azer

playreview-10

playreview-11

Dullan

playreview-12

Benedetta

Sorunuzu WhatsApp'ta Sorun

Stages of Hair Transplantation

First Day

1.webp
1

You arrive at Istanbul Airport, you are met by our representative and taken to a 5-star hotel for check-in. On this day you have free time to relax or see the sights of Istanbul

1

First Day

You arrive at Istanbul Airport, you are met by our representative and taken to a 5-star hotel for check-in. On this day you have free time to relax or see the sights of Istanbul

1.webp

Second Day

2.webp
2

In the morning you have breakfast, then you are taken to the clinic where your blood is taken for analysis. The chief physician conducts a consultation, evaluates the degree of alopecia and determines the required number of grafts for transplantation. Next, a two-stage operation begins with a lunch break. Duration is 5 - 8 hours. After the end of the operation, you are given medicines and taken to the hotel

2

Second Day

In the morning you have breakfast, then you are taken to the clinic where your blood is taken for analysis. The chief physician conducts a consultation, evaluates the degree of alopecia and determines the required number of grafts for transplantation. Next, a two-stage operation begins with a lunch break. Duration is 5 - 8 hours. After the end of the operation, you are given medicines and taken to the hotel

2.webp

Hair Transplant

1

Collecting Hair Follicles

The hair follicles are taken from the safe zone, which starts from the neck area and ends at the back of the head. A special low-speed extractor is used to perform the collection. Before starting the sampling, the patient is injected with local anesthesia, which eliminates the possibility of pain during the procedure. The extractor can extract several grafts in one go, while their integrity is preserved.

Preparation of the transfer zone.

At the moment, two main methods of preparing channels are used in practice, in which it is planned to transplant hair follicles from the back of the head.

  1. The classical method has been widely used for many years, but is gradually losing its relevance.
  2. Innovative puncture technique. The main advantage of this method is minimal damage to the skin and the ideal direction of hair growth.

2

Puncture technique involving the use of a sapphire needle with an extractor

This method is used in our clinic, its practical implementation involves the creation of incisions by using a thin surgical scalpel in those areas where it is planned to transplant hair follicles.

If we combine the incisions of 2-5 mm, then their total length for transplanting 4000 follicles will be 8-20 meters. The recovery period and the number of scars after surgery directly depend on the number of made incisions. Also, the incisions themselves can have a negative impact on healthy hair follicles in the area where the transplant is performed, the result of this may be tissue necrosis. In addition, the use of this method requires a lot of fluid, for this reason, swelling can last 7-10 days after the procedure.

3

Hair Follicle Transplant

One of the main advantages of the puncture technique is that due to it a natural result is achieved. The key factor here is the angle of hair follicle transplantation. Incisions created using the classical method are larger than hair follicles.

The hair cannot be transplanted naturally because the angle cannot be adjusted — the follicles move in the incisions and may even fall out.

The density of the transplanted hair follicles is also important for a natural and successful hair transplant. When using the classical method, it is necessary to leave space between relatively large incisions so that they heal and this limits the density of transplantation. This means that it is almost impossible to achieve high density and thick hair

Hair follicles transplanted with an extractor through thin channels are placed at the most natural angle and cannot move in them, that is, this angle cannot be changed after transplantation. When the follicles are inserted into the channels, their damage does not occur. The use of small channels allows them to be located in close proximity to each other, the result is a doubling of density, with the maximum possible amount of 40-50 per 1 cm² of the scalp.

Puncture technique is the best option for those patients who want to get a high-quality result with minimal risks, so they prefer the Plastic Surgery Turkey Group clinic for hair transplant. At the moment, this method is widely used in the leading clinics of the world.

After the procedure is completed, it is recommended to rest for one day, after which you can return to normal mode. The hair will begin to appear from the transplanted follicles 3 months after the procedure, the full result will be in 1 year.

With our help, you can solve the issue of hair transplant once and for all, while having a natural result.

Önce / sonra

before-after-13

Frequently asked questions

  • What are the differences between the main methods of hair transplant? Which one is suit me?

    Hair transplant methods differ in the way the donor material is taken. With the FUT (or Strip method), it is taken from the occipital part of the head from a flap of skin. Grafts for transplantation are formed from it. After the operation, a thin thread-like scar will remain on the back of your head.

    FUE - seamless method - is based on graft sampling using punch (a needle up to 0.8 mm in diameter is inserted into the mechanized tip). The donor material is implanted using an implant or a micropincet into the prepared channels.

    The FUT procedure is faster (3-4 hours), grafts are easier to isolate, follicles are damaged less often, the cost of the operation is lower.

    The FUE procedure lasts 8-10 hours, is less traumatic, practically leaves no traces on the skin, it is possible to get transplants not only from the back of the head, but also from other parts of the body, the recovery period after it is shorter.

    The method of transplantation is selected individually for each individual patient, taking into account his condition, the results of examinations and tests, the presence of contraindications.

  • WILL I LOSE MY HAIR AFTER A FUE TRANSPLANT?

    This is a fairly common phenomenon called shock loss, but there is nothing terrible about it. Transplantation is a stress for hair follicles. The process of shock loss begins 20-25 days after the operation. It lasts on average 2 months, less often 3. But after this period, the transplanted hair begins to grow back perfectly. When the 4th month ends, approximately 30% grows back, after six months - up to 50% of the transplanted hair. It grows 85-95% during the year. The stress reaction will definitely pass!

  • WHAT IS THE SUCCESS RATE OF HAIR TRANSPLANT?

    With therapeutic methods for the treatment of hair loss, the result does not lend itself to accurate predictions. Therapy may not have an effect.

    Hair transplant is usually effective. Only the donor material of the patient is used, thus the possibility of rejection of the transplanted follicles is excluded. Once in new areas, they completely retain all the characteristics and properties (this phenomenon is called donor dominance). As a result, the hair grows in a new place in the same way as it grew in the previous one — it does not fall out, does not thin out and looks completely natural.

  • DOES IT HURT TO DO A HAIR TRANSPLANT?

    The whole procedure of transplantation bears very little resemblance to a serious surgical intervention. Only local anesthesia is used, the doctor`s manipulations are absolutely painless. After the end of the local anesthetic, the patient has no pain. Unless on the first night after the procedure there will be slight discomfort.

    In order to exclude the appearance of pain and allow the patient to fully rest, he is prescribed for the first evening after the transplant to take conventional painkillers. There will be no need to accept them in the future.

  • IS IT POSSIBLE TO TRANSPLANT SOMEONE ELSE`S HAIR?

    It is certainly possible to take grafts for transplantation from a third person, but this is completely pointless. In 99%, someone else`s hair is rejected. After all, not only hair is transplanted — they move to another organism along with hair follicles. The immune system perceives foreign follicles as foreign bodies and begins to attack them — this is its defense mechanism. The body begins to produce antibodies against foreign cells, which only accelerates the loss of foreign transplanted hair. To prevent this from happening, the patient would have to take special drugs that suppress the immune system. But their side effects make such operations unjustified.

  • IS IT POSSIBLE TO TRANSPLANT BODY HAIR?

    Not just possible, sometimes required! It happens that only hair transplant from the body is the only chance to restore hair for men. For many, especially if the form of baldness is extensive and progressing, there is not enough donor hair from the occipital part for a full-fledged transplantation. In this case, for a good transplant result, donor grafts are used not only from the head, but also from other parts of the body (these include the chin area, chest, back). Borrowing grafts does not leave any noticeable traces on the skin of the body, but they successfully help to cope with both androgenic and focal male baldness.

  • WHEN IS IT BETTER TO DO A HAIR TRANSPLANT FOR WOMEN?

    When you have less their own hair, and there are no results of treatment from trichologists, or results do not satisfy you. Women lose their hair for many reasons - from diffuse (female-type) partial baldness, as a result of endocrine changes after childbirth and breastfeeding, due to menopause during hormonal restructuring of the body, after acute stress, as a result of taking certain medications.

    Perhaps a woman needs a hair transplant to hide scars, burns (scarring alopecia is called baldness at the site of such injuries — hair follicles die, and hair no longer grows there).

    Often, women themselves, in pursuit of fashion trends, contribute to thinning their hairstyles, "tormenting" their hair with frequent coloring, dreadlocks, tight weaving. In all these cases, hair transplant can save the day.

  • WHEN WILL IT BE POSSIBLE TO SEE THE RESULTS OF THE HAIR TRANSPLANT?

    Patients who have undergone hair transplant surgery dream of seeing the immediate result of the procedure. But this is still a surgical intervention, the healing period and the transition of hair from stress to the process of healthy growth take approximately 12 months. Most people experience a certain psychological discomfort when they go through the stage of the so-called shock loss of transplanted hair in 2-3 weeks after the procedure. But this is a completely natural process, and you should not be afraid of it. Immediately after it, the follicles will begin to regenerate, and the hair will grow monthly to a length of about 1.5 cm. Soon the growth cycle will normalize, by the end of the first postoperative year, the hair will grow thick and often — and will acquire an absolutely natural appearance.

  • WHEN CAN I GO BACK TO WORK?

    If there is an urgent need, then modern techniques used in transplantation allow the patient to lead an almost normal lifestyle the very next day, even go to work if you are not at all concerned about the issue of appearance. But you will have a normal, though not quite aesthetic appearance in 5-7 days after the intervention. After 7-10 days, slight redness and peeling of the skin will still be noticeable, but these crusts will peel off themselves in 2-3 days. After 10 days, almost all residual manifestations disappear after the intervention. The donor zone is overgrown in the usual mode, and on the 10th day it is no longer visible that grafts were taken from it.

    If you want to appear in society in a completely ordinary way so that others do not notice changes in your appearance, return to an active social life 7-10 days after the procedure.

  • WILL MY HAIR LOOK NATURAL AFTER HAIR TRANSPLANT?

    The hair in the transplant area is absolutely no different from the native hair, often experienced doctors do not notice that the hair transplant was performed. Using the seamless method there are no traces of surgical intervention in the donor area.

    Hair follicles are transplanted not "anyhow", but taking into account the exact angle and direction of hair growth - to create the most natural appearance. When manipulating, the finest and most accurate tools are used, leaving minimal traces. So you should not be afraid that the head will be scarred, and the hair will grow in different directions.

  • HOW LONG DOES THE TRANSPLANTED HAIR GROW?

    Transplanted hair has a valuable feature — they are hormone-independent, that is, their vital activity does not depend on the influence of androgens (these hormones are engaged in the destruction of hair follicles). Your freshly planted hair will grow throughout your life, as normal hair should. They will not be susceptible to loss, because their follicles remain intact.

  • HOW LONG WILL THE RESULT OF A HAIR TRANSPLANT LAST?

    For life. Transplanted hair that is not subject to the destructive effects of androgens on the hair follicles will not fall out, they do not even thin out. On the contrary, they will grow throughout the patient`s life. When you come to our clinic in Turkey, doctors who perform hair transplant operations give a guarantee of just such a result! At the same time, it is not necessary to diligently apply protective measures to the newfound hair. You will, as before, do whatever you want with your hair — cut, curl, style, dye.

  • DO TRANSPLANTED HAIR REQUIRE SPECIAL CARE OR REGULAR CHECK-UPS?

    You have your own hair transplanted. They retain all the natural characteristics inherent in your hair: structure, elasticity, color, and a tendency to shine. After the final healing and recovery after surgery, they will need absolutely the same care that you used for hair before. If you have done haircuts, styling, coloring — all this will be available after the operation. No special care for transplanted hair is required, the same applies to regular medical examinations.

  • WILL THE SCARS REMAIN AFTER THE HAIR TRANSPLANT?

    You can talk about scars only as a part of the FUT method. It is quite effective, and it is actively used. If you undergo a transplant using this technique, the number and appearance of scars will depend on three factors. These are the size and number of strips of skin removed for graft removal, the quality of healing and the skill of a specialist. As a rule, skilled surgeons work in our clinic in Turkey, and after the intervention, a threadlike, almost imperceptible scar remains. If you want, you will completely hide it under the hair length of at least 5 mm.

  • WHEN CAN I DYE MY HAIR AFTER A HAIR TRANSPLANT?

    Yes, hair coloring is allowed and will not harm your new hairstyle, but on one condition: the transplanted hair and scalp have fully recovered after surgery. After transplantation by FUE, rehabilitation is faster compared to the FUT method, but the most cautious doctors recommend waiting 6 months. And it is advisable to use natural coloring agents. If in doubt, consult your doctor before coloring.

  • I HAVE A VERY HIGH FOREHEAD. CAN I REDUCE IT WITH A HAIR TRANSPLANT?

    Most often, the question about a high forehead is asked by male clients, either delicately masking the problem, or not realizing that they are observing the first signs of androgenic alopecia — this is the name of male pattern baldness (also found in women). Androgenetic alopecia usually begins with hair loss in the frontal area, then gradually the hair is lost and the area of the temples - the formation of bald spots begins. Then the crown area is exposed. In small manifestations, the recession of the hairline occurs in all male people — gradually, in the course of life. This type of baldness begins to progress on average after the age of 40.

    The transplant helps in this case, besides, the doctor prescribes drugs that prevent further hair loss and improve their nutrition.

  • I LOST MY HAIR AFTER A FACELIFT. CAN A HAIR TRANSPLANT HELP?

    After the classical surgical method of facelift - circular facelift - there is a displacement of the hairline in the temporal areas: it can rise 2-5 cm. Many women are decidedly not satisfied with this result. A face devoid of a frame in the form of hair on the temples looks unnatural, it seems "doll-like", it is literally unpleasant for clients to look at themselves in the mirror. In these cases, hair follicle transplantation helps restore the natural hairline. So feel free to transplant, such operations are carried out, and with excellent effect.